Documentation Actuele10mindataKNMIstations
KNMI collects observations from the automatic weather stations situated in the Netherlands and BES islands on locations such as aerodromes and North Sea platforms. In addition, wind data from KNMI wind poles are included. The weather stations report every 10 minutes meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind, air pressure, visibility, precipitation and cloud cover. The number of parameters differs per station. The file for the past 10-minutes is available a few minutes later. It is possible that a station's observations may not be immediately available. Files are updated with missing data up to 4 hours later.
Purpose
This actual 10 minute dataset is intended as a near-real-time dataset, allowing KNMI to make the observations available as quickly as possible. Other datasets aim for maximum completeness, such as the data provided by daggegevens.knmi.nl. Some stations have multiple sensors of the same type, which means that different sensors may be responsible for the same variables. As a rule, both sets of numbers can be considered representative and are calibrated and maintained. All sensors have been validated for climatology purposes.
Time
De times in the file are in UTC. For the file name, the dates imply the time period before that time. For example, KMDS__OPER_P___10M_OBS_L2_202301010900.nc has the time period 08:50-09:00 UTC. For the Netherlands, the time in winter is UTC+1, and for summer time UTC+2. There are a few variables that have a different time period. The variables rh10, t10, and td10 have their timestamp in the middle, with the time period of 08:55-09:05.
Stations
If you want to know more about which stations are used and where they are located, please go to the weather stations dataset on the Data Platform. For instance, wind masts and stations in the North Sea have been included in the Actuele10mindataKNMIstations. However, it is important to note that some of these monitoring stations may not yet be completely operational. The data are representative and valid for the measured weather conditions but have not yet been incorporated into the climatological validated datasets.
Note: Not all variables are measured at all stations.
Variables
Here is a list of all variables that are available at one or more stations, with their description and their units:
MD = Marked Discontinuity. An abrupt change in wind speed and/or direction (10 knots, 30 degrees, minimum 2 minutes) within a 10-minute interval. After a MD, the values before the MD are no longer included in the 10-minute average. As per WMO and ICAO guidelines.
| Variabelen | Omschrijving | Eenheid |
|---|---|---|
| D1H | Rainfall Duration in last Hour | min |
| dd | Wind Direction 10 Min Average with MD | ° |
| dn | Wind Direction Sensor 10 Min Minimum with MD | ° |
| dr | Precipitation Duration (Rain Gauge) 10 Min Sum | sec |
| dsd | Wind Direction 10 Min Std Dev with MD | ° |
| dx | Wind Direction Sensor 10 Min Maximum with MD | ° |
| ff | Wind Speed at 10m 10 Min Average with MD | m/s |
| ffs | Wind Speed Sensor 10 Min Average with MD | m/s |
| fsd | Wind Speed 10 Min Std Dev with MD | m/s |
| fx | Wind Gust at 10m Maximum last 10 Min Interval | m/s |
| fxs | Wind Gust Sensor Maximum last 10 Min Interval | m/s |
| gff | Wind Gust at 10m 10 Min Maximum with MD | m/s |
| gffs | Wind Gust Sensor 10 Min Maximum with MD | m/s |
| h | Cloud Base | ft |
| h1 | Cloud Base First Layer | ft |
| h2 | Cloud Base Second Layer | ft |
| h3 | Cloud Base Third Layer | ft |
| hc | Cloud Base Ceilometer Algortihm | ft |
| hc1 | Cloud Base Ceilometer First Layer | ft |
| hc2 | Cloud Base Ceilometer Second Layer | ft |
| hc3 | Cloud Base Ceilometer Third Layer | ft |
| n | Total cloud cover | octa |
| n1 | Cloud Amount First Layer | octa |
| n2 | Cloud Amount Second Layer | octa |
| n3 | Cloud Amount Third Layer | octa |
| nc | Total Cloud Cover Ceilometer | octa |
| nc1 | Cloud Amount Ceilometer First Layer | octa |
| nc2 | Cloud Amount Ceilometer Second Layer | octa |
| nc3 | Cloud Amount Ceilometer Third Layer | octa |
| nhc | Low and Middle Cloud Amount Ceilometer | octa |
| p0 | Air Pressure at Station Level 1 Min Average | hPa |
| pg | Precipitation Intensity (PWS) 10 Min Average | mm/h |
| pp | Air Pressure at Sea Level 1 Min Average | hPa |
| pr | Precipitation Duration (PWS) 10 Min Sum | sec |
| ps | Air Pressure at Sensor Level 1 Min Average | hPa |
| pwc | Corrected Precipitation Type 10 Min Maximum | code KNMI Handboek waarnemingen |
| Q1H | Global Radiation 1 Hour Sum | J/cm² |
| Q24H | Global Radiation 24 Hour Sum for Globus-csv | J/cm² |
| qg | Global Solar Radiation 10 Min Average | W/m² |
| qgn | Global Solar Radiation 10 Min Minimum | W/m² |
| qgx | Global Solar Radiation 10 Min Maximum | W/m² |
| qnh | QNH 1 Min Average | hPa |
| qr | Raw Global Solar Radiation 10 Min Average | W/m² |
| qrn | Raw Global Solar Radiation 10 Min Minimum | W/m² |
| qrx | Raw Global Solar Radiation 10 Min Maximum | W/m² |
| R12H | Rainfall in last 12 Hours | mm |
| R1H | Rainfall in last Hour | mm |
| R24H | Rainfall in last 24 Hours | mm |
| R6H | Rainfall in last 6 Hours | mm |
| rg | Precipitation Intensity (Rain Gauge) 10 Min Average | mm/h |
| rh | Relative Humidity 1.5m 1 Min Average | % |
| rh10 | Relative Humidity 10 Min Average | % |
| Sav1H | Wind Speed Average last 1 Hour | m/s |
| Sax1H | Wind Speed Maximum last 1 Hour | m/s |
| Sax3H | Wind Speed Maximum last 3 Hours | m/s |
| Sax6H | Wind Speed Maximum last 6 Hours | m/s |
| sq | Squall Indicator | code WMO table 4680 |
| ss | Sunshine Duration | min |
| Sx1H | Wind Gust Maximum last 1 Hour | m/s |
| Sx3H | Wind Gust Maximum last 3 Hours | m/s |
| Sx6H | Wind Gust Maximum last 6 Hours | m/s |
| t10 | Ambient Temperature 10 Min Average | °C |
| ta | Ambient Temperature 1.5m 10 Min Average | °C |
| tb | Wet Bulb Temperature 1.5m 10 Min Average | °C |
| tb1 | Soil Temperature –5cm 10 Min Average | °C |
| Tb1n6 | Soil Temperature –5cm Minimum last 6 Hours | °C |
| Tb1x6 | Soil Temperature –5cm Maximum last 6 Hours | °C |
| tb2 | Soil Temperature –10cm 10 Min Average | °C |
| Tb2n6 | Soil Temperature –10cm Minimum last 6 Hours | °C |
| Tb2x6 | Soil Temperature –10cm Maximum last 6 Hours | °C |
| tb3 | Soil Temperature –20cm 10 Min Average | °C |
| tb4 | Soil Temperature –50cm 10 Min Average | °C |
| tb5 | Soil Temperature –100cm 10 Min Average | °C |
| td | Dew Point Temperature 1.5m 10 Min Average | °C |
| td10 | Dew Point Temperature 10 Min Average | °C |
| tg | Grass Temperature 10cm 10 Min Average | °C |
| tgn | Grass Temperature 10cm 10 Min Minimum | °C |
| Tgn12 | Grass Temperature Minimum last 12 Hours | °C |
| Tgn14 | Grass Temperature Minimum last 14 Hours | °C |
| Tgn6 | Grass Temperature Minimum last 6 Hours | °C |
| tn | Ambient Temperature 1.5m 10 Min Minimum | °C |
| Tn12 | Air Temperature Minimum last 12 Hours | °C |
| Tn14 | Air Temperature Minimum last 14 Hours | °C |
| Tn6 | Air Temperature Minimum last 6 Hours | °C |
| tsd | SIAM Ambient Temperature 10 Min Average Std Dev | °C |
| tx | Ambient Temperature 1.5m 10 Min Maximum | °C |
| Tx12 | Air Temperature Maximum last 12 Hours | °C |
| Tx24 | Air Temperature Maximum last 24 Hours | °C |
| Tx6 | Air Temperature Maximum last 6 Hours | °C |
| vv | Horizontal Visibility 10 Min Average | m |
| W10 | Past Weather Indicator | code WMO table 4680 |
| W10-10 | Past Weather Indicator for Previous 10 Min Interval | code WMO table 4680 |
| ww | wawa Weather Code | code WMO table 4680 |
| ww-10 | wawa Weather Code for Previous 10 Min Interval | code WMO table 4680 |
| za | Background Luminance 10 Min Average | cd/m² |
| zm | Meteorological Optical Range 10 Min Average | m |